Aflatoxins and ochratoxin A are mycotoxins produced by fungi belonging to the Aspergillus and Penicillium genera. The present study was carried out to study the natural occurrence of aflatoxins (AFS) and ochratoxinA (OA) in 90 nut samples collected from Tripoli, Libya during 2013 were determined by using a high-performance liquid chromatography technique. Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2, in the local market in Tripoli Libya during summer, 2013. Natural occurrence of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2 in almonds, Br. almonds, hazelnuts, cashews, walnuts and peanuts samples collected from local market in Tripoli. The percentages of positive samples with aflatoxins were 33.3, 40.0, 20.0, 13.3, 26.6 and 53.3% for almonds, Brazilian almonds, hazelunts, cashews, walnuts and peanuts, respectively. The concentrations of aflatoxin B1 were ranged between (0.9-5.3, 1.4- 7.8, 1.2 -5.4, 2.1- 3.4, 1.6-7.8 and 2.4-10.9 µg/kg) for almonds, Brazilian almonds, hazelunts, cashews, walnuts and peanuts, respectively. Aflatoxin B2 were found in Brazilian almonds ranged from (2.2-3.5 µg/kg) and in peanut (7.6-8.4 µg/kg). These results indicate the contamination of nuts with aflatoxins B1 and B2 were in various concentrations, this difference depends on type of nuts and environmental conditions, as well as the availability of nutrients to the fungus. The percentages of nut samples (almonds, Brazilian almonds , hazelunts, cashews, walnuts and peanuts) were contaminated with ochratoxin A 26.6, 33.3, 13.3, 20.0, 13.3 and 33.3%, respectively, also the concentrations were ranged between (3.5-5.0,1.5- 2.2, 1.2 -3.7, 1.3- 2.5, and 4.0-6.5 µg/kg) for Brazilian almonds, hazelunts, cashews, walnuts and peanuts, respectively. However almonds free of ochratoxin A. The highest concentration found in peanut samples (6.5 µg/kg). The difference concentration of AFS or OA may be depends on type of nuts and environmental conditions, as well as the availability of nutrients to the fungu
نجمى الصاوط, (9-2017)

 Thirty-six Silurian core and cuttings samples and 10 crude oil samples from Ordovician reservoirs in the NC115 Concession, Murzuq Basin, southwest Libya were studied by organic geochemical methods to determine source rock organic facies, conditions of deposition, thermal maturity and genetic relationships. The Lower Silurian Hot Shale at the base of the Tanezzuft Formation is a high-quality oil/gas-prone source rock that is currently within the early oil maturity window. The overall average TOC content of the Hot Shale is 7.2 wt% with a maximum recorded value of 20.9 wt%. By contrast, the overlying deposits of the Tanezzuft Formation have an average TOC of 0.6 wt% and a maximum value of 1.1 wt%. The organic matter in the Hot Shale consists predominantly of mixed algal and terrigenous Type-II/III kerogen, whereas the rest of the formation is dominated by terrigenous Type-III organic matter with some Type II/III kerogen. Oils from the A-, B- and H-oil fields in the NC115 Concession were almost certainly derived from marine shale source rocks that contained mixed algal and terrigenous organic input reflecting deposition under suboxic to anoxic conditions. The oils are light and sweet, and despite being similar, were almost certainly derived from different facies and maturation levels within mature source rocks. The B-oils were generated from slightly less mature source rocks than the others. Based on hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), selected source-related biomarkers and stable carbon isotope ratios, the NC115 oils can be divided into two genetic families: Family-I oils from Ordovician Mamuniyat reservoirs were probably derived from older Palaeozoic source rocks, whereas Family-II oils from Ordovician Mamuniyat–Hawaz reservoirs were probably charged from a younger Palaeozoic source of relatively high maturity. A third family appears to be a mixture of the two, but is most similar to Family-II oils. These oil families were derived from one proven mature source rock, the Early Silurian, Rhuddanian Hot Shale. There is a good correlation between the Family-II and -III oils and the Hot Shale based on carbon isotope compositions. Saturated and aromatic maturity parameters indicate that these oils were generated from a source rock of considerably higher maturity than the examined rock samples. The results imply that the oils originated from more mature source rocks outside the NC115 Concession and migrated to their current positions after generation.
شكري الديسطي, صلاح البيلي, طارق النواري, كينيث بيترس, ديفد باتن, (9-2017)

Abstract Nanosized fibrous cerium phosphate, Ce(HPO4)2.2.9H2O(nCePf), and α- Zirconium -Titanium Phosphates, ZrxTi1-x(HPO4)2.H2O(α-ZTP), where x = 0.9, 0.8, 0. 67, 0.34, were synthesized. Novel composite membranes [ZrxTi(1-x)(HPO4)2]0.25 [Ce(HPO4)2]0.75 .3.3H2O were prepared. Reactions of the resulting composite membranes with 1,10-phenanthroline in ethanol, followed by the addition of 0.1M CuCl2.2H2O, in (1:1) ethanol: aqueous solution, lead to the formation of novel pillared materials: [(H1.16) Zr0.9Ti0.1 (PO4)2]0.25[(H1.16 ) Ce (PO4)2]0.75(PhenCu)0.42.2.25H2O, [(H1.5)Zr0.8Ti0.2 (PO4)2]0.25 [( H1.5)Ce (PO4)2] 0.75 (Phen Cu)0.25.1.77H2O, [(H0.3 ) Zr0.67Ti (PO4)2] 0.25 [(H 0.3) Ce (PO4)2]0.75.(Phen Cu)0.85. 4H2O, [(H1.6)Zr0.34Ti0.66 (PO4)2]0.25 [(H1.6) Ce (PO4)2]0.75.(PhenCu)0.2. 2.22 H2O, respectively. They were characterized by chemical, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal analysis (TGA), accordingly were formulated. XRD patterns of the composite materials retain (d) spacing reflection of α-ZTP and nCePf, where d001 = 7.58 Å and 11.38 Å, respectively, The resulting composites are thermally stable and can be considered as novel ecofriendly solid acid catalysts, Ionex changers and ionc conductance materials
د.الصديق خليفة الشكشوكي, (1-2014)